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Advantages of Karl Fischer method based on measurement
2025-01-02The trace moisture analyzer under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.The moisture analyzer based on Karl Fischer (KF) coulometric titration method utilizes the following advantages to accurately measure trace moisture content (microgram level):The KF reaction exhibits high selectivity towards water; If no side reactions occur, this allows for high-precision measurement of only water.Coulombic titration is an absolute measurement technique that determines the mass of a given substance by measuring the amount of electricity required to electrolyze the substance. It doesn't necessarily require a standard solution.A 1-mA electrolysis current (easily measurable current and duration) flowing for 1 second generates a charge of 1 mC, which is equivalent to only 93.4 ng of water. Therefore, this technology allows for high-sensitivity measurements.Due to these reasons, the KF coulometric titration method is widely used for quality control anal
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Gas Chromatography Analysis in Transformer Fault Analysis
2025-01-02The oil chromatography analyzer under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.Once a transformer malfunctions, it will have a serious impact on production, causing major power outages and long cycles. Timely understanding of the internal operation of oil immersed transformers and identifying fault symptoms is of great significance for ensuring the safe, reliable, and high-quality operation of transformers. For oil immersed transformers, both the coil and core are immersed in transformer oil. It is impossible to determine the hidden dangers of transformers with naked eyes and direct measurement. A certain technical method must be adopted to understand the operating status of the transformer.Gas chromatography, also known as chromatography, is a physical separation technique. The separation principle is to distribute the components in the mixture between two phases, one is the stationary phase, called the stationary phase, and the other is the
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Karl Fischer reagent and its reaction
2024-12-31The trace moisture analyzer under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.How would you determine the amount of water in a sample containing trace amounts of water? The method used is Karl Fischer (KF) moisture analysis. The Karl Fischer method uses Karl Fischer reagent to determine the moisture content of a sample, which is a popular method because it allows you to determine the moisture content of a drug in a very fast, accurate, and specific way, and requires a very small sample size for analysis.What is Karl Fischer reagent?The reagent consists of a solvent alcohol (ROH), a known concentration of iodine (I2), a base (RN), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).Reaction principleThe intrinsic reaction of iodine and sulfur dioxide in water systems is based on the Karl Fischer reagent reaction.12+SO2+2H20=>2HI+H2SOThe above reaction was adjusted by Fischer and used to determine the moisture content of substances in non-aqueous systems.When you titrate KF
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Five points to note in microcomputer relay AC test
2024-12-30The relay protection tester under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.The issues that power workers need to pay attention to when using microprocessor relay protection testers for AC testing are summarized as follows:1. One of the general testing steps for relay protectors is to set the "switch positioning confirmation time". We need to pay attention to setting it larger here, such as around 20ms. If there is a significant error in the test return value, it may be due to the large shaking of the relay contacts. In this case, the test can continue in "manual" mode. To ensure reliable operation of relay protection, it is necessary to ensure that the output of the tester is greater than the starting value of the protection when detecting the relay action time.2. The conventional method for detecting multi-stage overcurrent protection is to test separately in a section and gradually increase the current until the protection is activated. Howe
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Comprehensive introduction of three types of test frequency ranges in series resonance
2024-12-30The series resonance under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.It is important to select an appropriate testing frequency range based on relevant technical data from both domestic and international sources. There are some different perspectives and formulations in this regard. Based on current domestic and international terminology, we can summarize it into three categories: the first category covers a wide frequency range of 30-300Hz, 20-300Hz, and 1-300Hz; The second category is the power frequency range, 45-65Hz, 45-55Hz; The third category is close to the power frequency, 35-75Hz.1. Wide frequency rangeThe "Test Guidelines" released by the 21st and 9th working groups of the International Conference on Power Grids recommend a frequency range of 30-300Hz. But in reality, even lower frequencies have better equivalence. The draft standards IEC60840 and IEC62067 (2001 and 2000) stipulate that 20-300Hz can be used.Some foreign manufacturers
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Types of grounding devices and grounding reference resistance values
2024-12-27The grounding resistance tester under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.Types of grounding devices and grounding reference resistance valuesThe electrical installation technical standards specify the following types of grounding installations and grounding resistance values * 1:Grounding installation grounding resistance valueClass A (formerly Class 1) 10 Ω or lessClass B (formerly Class 2) calculated value * 2Class C (old level 3) 10 Ω or lower * 3D-level (old level 3) 100 Ω or lower * 3*1 lists the values of a certain standard.Please note that these values vary by country/region.*2 The ohm value is equal to the ground fault current (ampere) of a wire in the high voltage side or extra high voltage side circuit of a transformer divided by 150 (or, if the voltage of the low voltage circuit exceeds 150 V due to the combination of the low voltage side circuit of the transformer and the high voltage side circuit of the [a] transformer or th
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Common troubleshooting of series resonance test device
2024-12-27The series resonance under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.1. The fan cannot start:Phenomenon: After emergency stop, fault protection, and mismatch protection, the "fault reset" is not pressed;Reason: High internal temperature, thermal protection of power components;Exclusion method: Turn off the power supply of the instrument, let it stand for about 30 minutes, turn on the power again, press the "Reset" button on the instrument panel, and then restart the instrument.If the fan still cannot be started, please contact our company. The instrument cannot be disassembled!2. Automatic tuning cannot be completed, resonance point cannot be found:Phenomenon: The tuning curve is completely a straight line, and after tuning is completed, the instrument prompts that there is no resonance pointReason: Poor grounding of the circuit, incorrect wiring of the test circuit, and an open circuit in one of the devicesExclusion method: Check the reliabili
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What is a grounding resistance tester?
2024-12-26The grounding resistance tester under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.What is a grounding resistance tester?The resistance between the grounding electrode and the earth is usually referred to as the grounding resistance. More precisely, grounding resistance is the sum of the resistance of the grounding conductor, the contact resistance between the grounding conductor and the earth, and the earth's resistance. The difference between grounding resistance and ordinary resistance is that it has the following special characteristics:• Polarization effectDue to the fact that the behavior of the earth is similar to that of an electrolyte, it has a polarizing effect, and direct current generates an electromotive force in the opposite direction, making it impossible to measure accurately. Therefore, grounding resistance is usually measured using square or sine waves with frequencies ranging from tens of hertz to 1 kHz.• Special measurement
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Why does the wave generator of the cable fault locator use audio instead of other frequencies?
2024-12-25The cable fault tester under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.Why does the wave generator of the cable fault locator use audio instead of other frequencies?There are several reasons for using relatively low frequencies.Most cable analyzers use long cables, which may be kilometers or longer. At high frequencies, the attenuation becomes worse with distance. If you want to use pulses with frequency components in the 100MHz range, on most cables, you will not get any significant reflections exceeding a few hundred feet.Other reasons are that it is cheaper, easier to build, and can use less electricity.There is no reason to use a frequency higher than that required to provide the required information on the cable. For cable testers, you would like to know the length and approximate location of the fault. If you want to find the fault within one meter, you need megahertz data. If you only need to know the frequency within 10 meters, you can
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Guidelines for Karl Fischer titration method for moisture determination
2024-12-25The trace moisture analyzer under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.Karl Fischer titration method for determining moisture contentprinciple:The Karl Fischer titration method is used as a reference method for many substances and is a chemical analysis method based on the oxidation of sulfur dioxide by iodine in methanol hydroxide solution. In principle, the following chemical reactions will occur:H 2 O + I 2 + SO 2 + CH 3 OH + 3RN -> [RNH]SO 4 CH 3 + 2[RNH]ITitration can be carried out by volumetric or potentiometric methods.In the volumetric method, add Karl Fischer solution containing iodine until the first trace of excess iodine appears. The amount of iodine converted is determined by the volume of the burette containing iodine Karl Fischer solution.In the Coulombic method, the iodine involved in the reaction is directly generated in the titration cell through the electrochemical oxidation of iodide, until trace amounts of unreacted i
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Karl Fischer test method for moisture detection
2024-12-24The trace moisture analyzer under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.Karl Fischer titration (KF) is a technique for determining moisture content. This is a process based on the reaction between iodine and water. The KF method is one of the few techniques that can measure water content without being affected by other volatile substances. The KF titration device can measure free water and bound water, such as surface water on crystals or water inside crystals. This method is applicable to a wide concentration range from 5 ppm to 100% and provides reproducible and accurate results. Our equipment can effectively test various types of solid or liquid samples. The sample size can vary, typically between 0.5-5 grams, depending on the water content in the sample. There are two methods used to perform the Karl Fischer test, the volumetric method and the Coulomb method.Volumetric titration methodVolume titration is used in the range of moisture co
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Detailed explanation of the advantages of series resonance
2024-12-20The series resonance under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.The development of the power industry now also provides us with a lot of convenience in our lives, especially in providing more electricity, which can be done better in certain aspects. The series resonance test device that people are familiar with now can also appear in people's sight, and because such a device can have many advantages, it can be widely used in various industries.If we understand the advantages of series resonant devices now, we will find several major advantages. The first major advantage is that the required power capacity can be reduced. This experimental device utilizes resonance between reactors and capacitors to obtain voltage and current. Therefore, in the entire system, the power supply only consumes a part of what the system needs, thus reducing power consumption. The second major advantage is that the weight and volume of the equipment have been
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Karl Fischer titration method for water content——Used for measuring moisture content
2024-12-19The trace moisture analyzer under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.Use Karl Fischer titration to analyze the water content of oil samples. This analysis program is particularly useful for detecting high moisture content and trace moisture content. This process was invented by a German chemist named Karl Fischer in 1935.The testing process involves a chemical reaction between water and iodine in the reagent. Iodine is distributed in small amounts into the sample until the reaction endpoint is reached. The amount of iodine used in the reaction is directly proportional to the amount of water in the sample. The following reaction occurs (in the presence of a solvent mixture):I 2 + 2 H 2 O + SO 2 → 2 HI + H 2 SO 4Karl Fischer titration is very accurate and can provide results from 1ppm to 100%. Another significant advantage is that, unlike traditional loss of weight (LOD) drying methods, this process is not adversely affected by the pre
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Current transformer malfunction issue
2024-12-19The specialized production of current transformer testers for UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.1) The insulation layer of current transformers is very thick, and some insulation layers are loosely wrapped with wrinkles between them. In addition, poor vacuum treatment, incomplete immersion, and the formation of gas containing cavities can easily cause partial discharge faults.2) The size and arrangement of the capacitive screen do not meet the design requirements, and even the discharge capacity of the capacitive screen is low. The capacitive board is not smooth and even misaligned or broken, which damages the voltage equalization characteristics. Therefore, when the electric field strength along the local solid insulation surface reaches a certain value, it will cause partial discharge.The direct consequence of the partial discharge mentioned above is the cracking of the insulating oil, which generates a large amount of x wax between t
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How to protect and maintain the open flash point tester?
2024-12-18The open flash point tester under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.In today's high-level scientific research, the data requirements for the research results are very precise, which has raised the demand for open flash point measuring instruments. They play a huge role in the innovation of common sense and skills. We cannot deny that open flash point measuring instruments are playing an increasingly important role, especially in some high-precision skill fields.The open flash point tester is an important instrument for exploring sustainable development and an increasingly indispensable device in scientific development. Nowadays, the open flash point tester has appeared as a key equipment in front of the world. Regarding the open flash point tester, two identical documents have been issued to accurately standardize the Cleveland Open Cup Method and the Binsky Martin Silent Cup Method as their calibration methods.To determine whether
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Wiring method and testing steps for portable hipot tester
2024-12-18The portable hipot tester under UHV power company can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.Wiring method and testing steps for portable hipot testerThe so-called portable hipot tester can be called an electrical insulation strength tester, dielectric strength tester, etc. according to its function. Its working principle is to apply a voltage higher than the normal operating voltage to the insulation of the tested equipment, and maintain it for a certain period of time. Within the specified time, the voltage applied to it will only generate a small leakage current, resulting in better insulation. The testing system consists of three modules: a program controlled power module, a signal acquisition and conditioning module, and a computer control system. Choose two indicators for the voltage tester: high output voltage value and high alarm current value.Wiring method for voltage tester:1. Check and confirm that the main power switch of the voltage tester is
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Advantages of using series resonant components
2024-12-17The series resonance under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.The frequency conversion resonance test device utilizes the principle of reactive power compensation, and only requires a small capacity and low voltage test power supply to successfully complete the withstand voltage test of generators, cables, and GIS composite electrical equipment. At the same time, the testing device can also be used for on-site testing of transformers, current transformers, voltage transformers, etc. This testing method is safe and reliable, and can effectively detect electrical equipment with insulation defects.1. Principle of Frequency Conversion Resonance TestThe principle of frequency conversion resonance test is to use the equivalent capacitance of the combined equipment and a high-voltage reactor with known inductance to form a series circuit, and adjust the frequency of the test power supply through the frequency conversion power supply to achieve
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Precautions for Micro Moisture Analyzer
2024-12-16The trace moisture analyzer under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.(1) During normal measurement, the reagent of the trace moisture analyzer can react with not less than 1.5g of water. If the measurement time is too long, the sensitivity of the reagent will decrease and a new electrolyte should be replaced.(2) If the electrolyte in the cathode chamber is contaminated by strong bubbles or electrolyte during the electrolysis process, it will increase the blank current and reduce the linearity of the measurement. Meanwhile, the time to reach the finish line will also be extended. In this case, the electrolyte should be replaced as soon as possible.(3) When the electrolysis time exceeds half an hour, the instrument becomes unstable. At this point, stirring should be stopped to determine if there is significant brown iodine production under the platinum mesh of the electrolytic electrode. If there is no or little iodine, the electrolyte sho
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Introduction to Series Resonance Knowledge
2024-12-16The series resonance under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.The series resonance test device is a series resonance test device that uses tuned inductance and load capacitance to generate power frequency series resonance and obtain power frequency test voltage. Series resonance consists of an isolation transformer, a frequency and voltage regulating power supply, an excitation transformer, a reactor, and a capacitive voltage divider. The capacitor and reactor of the test sample form a series resonant connection; The voltage divider is connected in parallel to the test sample to measure the resonant voltage on the test sample and provide an overvoltage protection signal; The frequency modulation power output is coupled to the series resonant circuit through an excitation transformer, providing excitation power for series resonance.working principleA device that uses tuned inductors and load capacitors to generate power frequency series r
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What are the tips for using a cable fault tester?
2024-12-13The cable fault tester under UHV power can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.Some techniques for cable fault location: Cable faults occur with the laying of cables, and with different cable laying methods, cable fault location becomes increasingly difficult. Among them, the open application mode for bridge, tunnel, and trench positioning search is relatively simple, while the direct buried mode positioning search is the most difficult. When the nature of the fault is relatively simple, a dedicated cable fault locator device can be used to locate the fault within tens of minutes. When the fault is special, it usually takes 4-5 days or even longer to locate the fault.When using the echo method to locate cable faults, sometimes by transferring the fault phase and wiring method, complex faults are often transformed into simple faults and the fault location is quickly determined. The procurement time for on-site line repair is of great significance to the
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